Cyber

Referencing Translated Sources (APA, MLA, and Chicago) - Proofed

Referencing Translated Sources (APA, MLA, and Chicago) - Proofed Referencing Translated Sources (APA, MLA, and Chicago) Poor translators. Without them, we English speakers wouldn’t be able to read sources written in other languages. But are we grateful? Not if the reference lists we see are anything to go by, as most people forget to include translators’ names. So, whether you’re reading Nietzsche, Proust, or Sun Tzu, join us for a quick look at how to reference translated sources in APA, MLA, and Chicago referencing. APA Referencing In APA referencing, if citing translated sources, you need to include the translator’s name in the reference list. This involves giving their name plus â€Å"Trans.† after the source title: Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). London, England: Penguin Books. (N.B. We’re using bold text to highlight the translator in these examples, but you don’t have to do this in your own work!) MLA Referencing For translated sources in an MLA list, you should give the name of the translator after the words â€Å"Translated by† before the publication information. For instance: Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan, Penguin Books, 1977. If you are focusing specifically on the translation of a text, you can even give the translator’s name in the first position: Sheridan, Alan, translator. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. By Michel Foucault, Penguin Books, 1977. However, you should only do this if you are primarily interested in the translation. This will usually be because you’re discussing two translations of a single source or writing about translation itself. Chicago Referencing (Author–Date) The format for translated sources in Chicago referencing depends on the referencing style you’re using. With author–date referencing, you only name the translator in the reference list. The format here is: Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. London: Penguin Books. Chicago Referencing (Footnotes and Bibliography) With Chicago footnote citations, you need to name the translator in the first footnote and in the bibliography. For the footnote, the format to use is as follows: 1. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (London: Penguin Books, 1977), 91-93. Repeat citations use a shortened footnote, which doesn’t include the translator’s name. But the translator should be included in the bibliography at the end of the document. The information here is the same as in the first footnote, although the format is slightly different: Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. London: Penguin Books, 1977. Whichever system you’re using, though, remember to get your work checked by a professional before submitting it. This will make sure that all sources are referenced correctly!

Quantum Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quantum Technology - Essay Example Classical mechanics preceded quantum mechanics which is entirely the basis of quantum technology. â€Å"A team of researchers, including members of the University of Chicago’s Institute for Molecular Engineering, highlight the power of emerging quantum technologies...† (Koppes 2013). The emerging quantum technologies were realized after scientists drew more focus on microscopic objects from the macros in classical mechanics. The realm of quantum technology aims at changing the way scientists view technology in attempts to better living standard across all spheres of life. â€Å"The first quantum technology that harnesses quantum mechanical effects for its core operation has arrived in the form of commercially available quantum key distribution systems’’ (O’brien et. al. 2009). In the field of quantum computing, the technology promises to develop a secured information system that will challenge snoopers, hackers and prevent cyber-attacks. This will be realized by subjecting quantum cryptography as elaborated in an article by National University of Singapore (2014). In the very article Stephanie Wehner affirms that "quantum technologies will gradually become integrated with existing devices such as smart phones, allowing us to do things like identify ourselves securely or generate encryption keys". In the future wheel of quantum technology, one of the core primary effects lies in its ability to drive the next generation computing technology.

THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS - Essay Example The Chief Financial Officer and other senior officers are known to have misled the audit committee when it came to issues of high-risk accounting practices. Following the confusion brought about by the Enron’s complex financial statements to both the shareholders and analysts, speculations were raised enquiring on the sustainability of the company. One partnership created by Enron had allowed it to keep $600 debt off the books it availed to the government and its shareholders. The problem in the company became evident in 2001. In August the same year, Jeffrey Skilling the CEO of the company tabled his departure. His position was resumed by Lay. On March, Bethany Mclean, a Fortune Magazine writer wrote an article inquiring Enron’s ways of making money. The reality of its collapse surfaced on October 16th when the company announced a loss of $638 million in connection with its internet investment failure (Barbara, 12). The shareholders of the company filed a $40 billion c ase after the stock price fell from us$ 90.75 per share in mid-2000 nose-dived to less than 1$ by the end of November 2001. The U.S Security and Exchange Commission launched (SEC) an investigation in October. The investigation later exposed the multifaceted web of partnership specifically engineered to hide the debt (Barbara, 14). In November, it was revealed that the company had overstated its earnings for the past four years by $586 million. It was also revealed that Enron owed over $6 billion in debt by the following year. This is what led to the drastic fall of its stock prices that saw investors lose billions of money. The company agreed to repay its investors immediately. It could not come up with the money to repay the debt therefore it filed for bankruptcy in accordance with chapter 11. In pursuant of justice, many senior executive officers were brought to trial which formed a point of reckon for the many citizens whose lives had been destroy. Fastow, the then Chief Financia l Officer and his wife, Lea, pleaded guilty for the charges against them. He had been initially charged with 98 counts of money laundering, fraud and conspiracy among other crimes. He pleaded guilty to two counts of conspiracy and was sentenced to 10 years without parole in a plea bargain to testify against Lay, Skilling and Causey. His wife Lea was sentenced to year imprisonment for aiding her husband hide government income. Lay and Skilling were brought to trial in January 2006 (Barbara, 15). Skilling was convicted of 19 of 28 counts of murder. He pleaded not guilty and attributed the cause of the company’s downfall to Fastow. Lay was found guilty of 6 counts of security and wire fraud and was subjected to a total of 45 years in prison. Unfortunately, Lay passed away in July, 2006 before his sentence was scheduled. Rick Causey the then Chief Accounting Officer was charged with six wrongdoing charges for non-exposure of Enron’s financial condition during his term. He was sentenced to seven years in penitentiary after pleading guilty. Arthur Andersen was charged with impediment of justice because of destroying documents, erasing emails and files that were affiliated to his auditing firm dealings with Enron. He was found guilty and was sentenced and his company was made to surrender its CPA license in August 2002

Commentary on Daddy and The Arrival of the Bee Box By Sylvia Plath Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Daddy and The Arrival of the Bee Box By Sylvia Plath Essay Sylvia Plath was born in 1932 to Otto Plath, a German immigrant and Aurelia Plath, an American of Austrian descent. She had a very troubled life, suffering extreme depression and emotional trauma before she committed suicide in 1963 by putting her head into a gas oven. Most of her poems reflect this distress and reveal the sorrows of her short life. The poems Daddy and The Arrival of the Bee Box are both sad and gloomy poems which highlight many aspects of her life and perhaps reason out why she was forced to kill herself. Both the poems are directly or indirectly related to the two most important and influential men of Sylvias life- her father, and her husband Ted Hughes, who himself was a poet. She loved both men, but both of them dominated her and gave her pain and misery which made her life unhappy. As the title suggests, the poem Daddy is primarily about her father, but many references are also made to Ted Hughes. The Arrival of the Bee Box is more about herself, but in spite of that the reader has to know the nature of these two men to understand the poem completely and derive a meaning from it. Daddy highlights the relationship of Sylvia and her father. Sylvias father died when she was just ten. This was the time when she adored her father and his death meant a lot to her. But the poem shows the immense hatred she has towards him as she gradually realized how he oppressed her and dominated her life. To use the word daddy as the title of the poem is in a way ironical because although the poem is about Sylvias father, the word doesnt fit in particularly well, as it is usually used in a positive way, not in a pessimistic and dark way. The poem has a lot of imagery, metaphors and similes which illustrates Sylvias anger towards her father and husband and gives the poem a dark tone. In the poem Sylvia has compared her father to a black shoe while has called herself a foot living in it for thirty years. Usually a shoes job is to protect or comfort the foot, not to make it feel trapped and helpless. Her father was so authoritarian, that he made Sylvia feel just that. Although her father died when she was ten, she says that she lived like the foot for thirty years, barely daring to breathe or achoo. This shows that her fathers nature haunted her even after he died, as it left such a profound and negative psychological mark on her. The word black can be related to death and makes us think of the shoe like a coffin. The idea of a coffin can also be related in the other poem, The Arrival of the Bee Box, when Sylvia calls the bee box a midgets coffin. Sylvias father was a zoology and bee expert, and so again we can notice how she has created a dark atmosphere with everything related to her father. On an abstract level, the bee box can be thought of as Sylvias brain and the bees as her thoughts. The idea of her thoughts being trapped inside a coffin shows how depressed and unhappy she is. The imagery of Daddy is very vivid and striking. Sylvia calls her father a Nazi as she writes, With your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo. And youre neat moustache and your Aryan eye, bright blue. She compares her father to Hitler, highlighting how cruel and heartless he was. She calls herself a Jew, indicating how he used his authority to oppress her. Such thoughts make us refer to the Holocaust, in which Jews were tortured and killed by the German Nazis. Although Sylvia was dominated by her father, she has used a Hyperbole to describe the situation. According to me her father must not have been as ruthless as Hitler. She has just used this comparison to express her immeasurable hatred towards him. She has further developed images of her father by calling him a vampire-someone who doesnt kill a person, but haunts it all his life by sucking his blood. She is trying to say that although her father is dead, his character will torment her forever. The imagery of The Arrival of the Bee Box is also strong. We get a clear picture of the bees struggling in the dark box illustrating how Sylvia is thinking and feeling. We get a feeling that her thoughts are tormenting her and that she is in a disturbed state of mind. She compares her thoughts to a Roman Mob and says she is not Julius Caesar to control them. Although it is not mentioned, we know that Sylvia is in such a state of mind because of her broken marriage with Ted Hughes. She might be feeling cheated as Ted Hughes left her for another woman. She must be feeling insecure and lonely and cannot in any way run away from her thoughts. In Daddy Sylvia also says that she found her fathers resemblance in Ted Hughes, who also dominated her and broke her heart. Here she compares their torture to the medieval methods of the rack and the screw which were cruel and bloody. The tone of the poem is of fear and a little bit of anger, blaming her father and her husband for giving her such a horrid life and simultaneously feeling scared of all that has happened to her in the past. The tone of The Arrival of the Bee Box is different, as she is sort of blaming herself for what she thinks. She is agitated with herself because she cannot get rid of her negative thoughts. The last two stanzas of both the poems are very strong and demonstrate an attitude of power and authority from Sylvia. In daddy the tone changes from fear to anger when Sylvia says, Daddy, daddy, you bastard, Im through. One feels that she has overcome all her fears to finally stand up to her father and speak with confidence and fight back. In The Arrival of the Bee Box she shows that she has power when she says, Tomorrow I will be sweet God, I will set them free. But here she makes it a point to tell the reader that she will not misuse her authority like the way Otto Plath and Ted Hughes did. In the last line of the poem she says that the box is only temporary, showing that she will make an effort to remove those thoughts from her mind, which is a positive end to the poem.

A cultural framework

A cultural framework Abstract This report is about how a cultural framework can affect a project success. What is meant by this is that you need to have a good project manager and project team in order for a project to meet deadlines and stay on budget. This report analysis and critiques what has been found in the article was conducted by Korin Kendra of Detroit and Laura Taplin of Canada. They analysed the data that was found form a Standish Group survey on project successes and failures this was conducted in the year 2000. The survey found that overall there is a project failure rate of 72 percent. Of the 28 percent it was found that 92 percent of these successes were due to assigned project managers, 58 percent used a defined measurement system and 46 percent used a project management methodology. The study concluded that the main reason for failure was due to the lack of good working relationships. Kendra and Taplin conducted their study by collecting data using an interview protocol they explored the organiz ations design elements, social and technical structures in the proposed success model developed in this study. From the information that they gathered they managed to draw out 5 main themes/conclusions these are, Theme 1: Project Management competences exist at the project manger level in the organization. Theme 2: Project success requires the employment of management process from the project management, system development, supplier management and business planning to be successful. Theme 3: Organizational structures at the project team level are the key to project success. The project structure is important to the success of the project because it determines the project manager level of authority, skills and competencies of the team and the dynamics of the group. Theme 4: Performance measurement systems metrics are defined at the individual, project and organizational level to evaluate project success. Theme 5: Organizational culture determines the importance of project manager com petencies, performance measurements, business process that are employed to perform project work and project organization structures to project success. 1. Background The topic for this article is project success in a cultural framework. This article was written by Korin Kendra of Detroit and Laura Taplin of Canada in April 2004. This report main point is how a cultural frame work can affect project success. What is meant by a cultural frame work is the background and the work ethics of the people involved of the project. This article was conducted to analysis the data that was found form a Standish Group survey on project successes and failures this was conducted in the year 2000. The survey found that overall there is a project failure rate of 72 percent. Of the 28 percent it was found that 92 percent of these successes were due to assigned project managers, 58 percent used a defined measurement system and 46 percent used a project management methodology. The study concluded that the main reason for failure was due to the lack of good working relationships. This conclusion left was question of what is required in a good cultural framework to mak e a project successful. Kendra and Taplin choose to investigate this question and wrote this article. The authors definition of a project success in the IT industry is that a project must have numerous success factors that contribute such as the project being on time, within budget and of good quality. 2. Method Data was collected using an interview protocol they explored the organizations design elements, social and technical structures in the proposed success model developed in this study. The inquiry focused on the organizations culture, project manager competencies, organizational structure design, performance measurement systems and the supporting business process employed in the change efforts to adopt project management. All interviews were conducted in the year 2001 and reflected past, present and future change efforts. The data was the analysed qualitatively using a grounded theory approach and inferential coding to identify the common themes and cultural values that form linkages between project manager competencies, performance measurement systems, process and structures. 3. Critique 3.1 Data are gathered in a scientific manner Data was gathered using an interview process to me this is not a very scientific manner although it is still a very good data collecting technique. They still gathered all the information that was required for the study. 3.2 Underlying assumptions are clear From what I had read the authors didnt really have many assumptions. All the data that they used was already gathered so assumptions were not necessary. Although their main assumption would have been that a cultural framework can affect a project success to which this assumption was very clear and easy to understand. 3.3 Overall Conclusions 3.3.1 What conclusions are drawn by the authors In this article the authors describe five main conclusions/themes that they have discovered. In their research, Kendra and Taplin (2004) established Theme 1: Project Management competences exist at the project manger level in the organization Theme 2: Project success requires the employment of management process from the project management, system development, supplier management and business planning to be successful. Theme 3: Organizational structures at the project team level are the key to project success. The project structure is important to the success of the project because it determines the project manager level of authority, skills and competencies of the team and the dynamics of the group. Theme 4: Performance measurement systems metrics are defined at the individual, project and organizational level to evaluate project success. Theme 5: Organizational culture determines the importance of project manager competencies, performance measurements, business process that are employed to perform project work and project organization structures to project success. 3.3.2 Are these conclusions valid Yes in my opinion is think that all these conclusions are valid as they all hold the main requirements for a project to be successful it is important to note that theme one and three are very important as they both hold valid points of how a team need to form together in order for a project to be successful. 3.4 The authors have some academic or professional standing Korin Kendra is a professor in the college of Management at Lawrence Technological University. She has a masters in industrial engineering and information systems, also has a PHD in organizational development. Kendra is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) Laura Taplin has her masters and PHD in organizational development she is also a certified Management Consultant (CMC). In this article both authors are highly qualified and have gained qualifications in relevant fields to their research. 3.5 The writing is clearly and correctly references its sources This article is very easy to read and explains most things in great detail. All information that refers to other persons work its referenced correctly at the bottom of the paragraph or inserted citations. I found that this piece was easier to read due to most information was grouped into topics rather than all together. 4. References Kendra, K., Taplin, L. (2004). Project Success: A Cultural Framework. Project Management Journal, 30-45.

Business Marketing

Chapter 7 LO1. There are four major trends that have influenced world trade and global marketing . first one is decline of economic protectionism , is the practice of shielding one or more industries within a country’s economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas . Second is rise of economic integration , just like creation of the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement . Third , there exists global competition among global companies for global consumers , resulting in firms adopting global marketing strategies and promoting global brands .And finally , is the emergence of a networked global marketspace has emerged using internet technology as a tool for exchanging goods , services , and information on a global scale. LO2. Global marketing efforts was shape by three major environmental . first , cultural diversity , including a society’s values , customs and cultural symbols and language . Second , Economic considerations whic h include economic infrastructure , consumer income and purchasing power , currency exchange rates is also shape global marketing efforts . The last one is political-regulatory climate .Its for marketing in a country or region of the world means not only identifying the current climate but determining how long a favorable or unfavorable climate will last . LO3. Exporting , licensing , joint venture , and direct investment are four alternative approaches for entering global markets . Exporting involves producing goods in one country and selling them in another country . A company offers the right to a trademark , patent , trade secret , or other similarly valued item of intellectual property in return for a royalty or fee , that is licensing .When a foreign company and a local firm invest together to create a local business it is called a joint venture . They share ownership , control , and the profits of the new company . Finally , The direct investment is which entails a domestic f irm actually investing in and owning a foreign subsidiary or division , that is the biggest commitment a company can make when entering the global market . LO4. Successful global marketers standardize global marketing programs whenever possible and customize them wherever necessary .Companies distinguish between standardization and customization when crafting worldwide marketing programs . Standardization means that all elements of the marketing program are the same across counties and cultures , like Coca-Cola ,Levi’s jeans or Sony consumer electronics. Customization means that one or more elements of the marketing program are adapted to meet the needs or preferences of consumers is a particular country or culture .Like McDonald’s does not sell beef hamburgers in its restaurants in India because the cow is considered sacred by almost 85 percent of the population . Global marketers apply a simple rule when crafting worldwide marketing programs : standardize marketing p rograms whenever possible and customize them wherever necessary . Chapter 8 LO1. Marketing research is the process of defining a marketing problem and opportunity , systematically collecting and analyzing information, and recommending actions .Marketing research reduces risk by providing the vital information to help marketing managers understand those wants and needs and translate them into marketing actions. LO2. Those are five-step decisions-making process to collect information that will help improve marketing decisions when engage marketing researchers. Define the problem is the first step should do . Every marketing problem faces its own research challenges , should setting the research objective and identifying possible marketing actions .Develop the research plan is the second step in the marketing research process requires , which the researcher specify the constaints on the marketing research activity , identify the data needed for marketing decisions , and determine how t o collect the data . Collect relevant information is the next step , which includes considering pertinent secondary data and primary data as well as using information technology and data mining to trigger marketing actions . Step 4 is develop findings from the marketing research data collected .This involved analyze the data and present the findings of the research . The last step is take marketing actions , which involves implement the action recommendations , evaluate the results . LO3. Secondary data have already been recorded before the start of the project and consist of two parts : internal secondary data , which originate from within the organization , such as sales reports and customer comments , and external secondary data , which are created y other organizations , such as the U. S.Census Bureau , or business and trade publications , Primary data are collected specifically for the project and are obtained by either observing or questioning people . LO4. Marketing researche rs observe people in various ways , such as electronically using Nielsen people meters to measure TV viewing behavior or personally using mystery shoppers or ethnographic techniques . A recent electronic innovation is neuromarketing –useing high-tech brain scanning to record the responses of a consumer’s brain to marketing stimuli like packages or TV ads .Questionnaires involve asking people questions in person using interviews or focus groups or via a questionnaire using a telephone, fax , print, e-mail , or internet survey . Panels involve a sample of consumers or stores that are repeatedly measured through time to see if their behaviors change . Experiments , such as test markets , involve measuring the effect of marketing variables such as price or advertising on sales . Collecting data from social networks like Facebook or Twitter is increasingly important because users can share their opinions about products and services with countless â€Å"friends† aroun d the globe.LO5. Today’s marketing managers are often overloaded with data–from internal sales and customer data to external on TV viewing habits or grocery purchases from the scanner data at checkout counters Information technology enables this massive amount of marketing data to be stored , accessed , and processed . The resulting databases can be queried using data mining to find statistical relationships useful for marketing decisions and actions . LO6. One approach uses subjective judgments of the decision maker , such as direct or lost-horse forecasts . A direct forecast involves estimating the alue to be forecast without any intervening steps . A lost-horse forecast starts with the last known value of the item being forecast , and then lists the factors that could affect the forecast , assesses whether thy have a positive or negative impact , and makes the final forecast . Surveys of knowledgeable groups , a second method , involves obtaining information such as the intentions of potential buyers or estimates of the salesforce . Statistical methods involving extending a pattern observed in past data into the future are a third approach . The best-known statistical method is linear trend extrapolation .