Compare and contrast market systems and the role of an economist Research Paper

Thoroughly analyze showcase frameworks and the job of a financial expert inside these frameworks - Research Paper Example Immaculate Competition is a market framework characterized by countless purchasers and dealers, comparative kind of items and a minimal effort of creation (Pass, Lowes and Davies, 1993). In Perfect Competition, the job of a financial expert is to recognize the boundaries that may hamper the free play of interest and flexibly. Syndication is a market framework that involves a solitary vender and an item with no nearby substitutes (Pass, Lowes and Davies, 1993). In opposition to Perfect Competition, in a Monopoly, the dealer orders a huge command over the cost of the sold merchandise or administrations. Any financial expert devoted to private enterprise should expand a hypothetical and moral obstruction in a monopolistic situation. An Oligopoly is a market framework commanded by a couple of dealers (Pass, Lowes and Davies, 1993). The items sold are generally indistinguishable or comparative and are for the most part connected with significant expense ventures, in this way disheartening the section of the new players. The essential employment of a business analyst in an oligopolistic showcase framework ought to be to take a stab at an increasingly productive dispersion of assets, in this manner empowering the section of new firms and an expansion in

The Wizard of Oz Movie Essay Example For Students

The Wizard of Oz Movie Essay I was just a child , when I previously viewed a unique introduction of The Wizard of Oz on T. V. the following day I went to the school library and got L. Forthright Baum’s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz . A long time later when I turned into a mother, I started perusing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz to my two little girls Alexis and Neveah before sleep time. As I kept on perusing I was surprised to locate another profundity in the book which got away from me during youth that I didn't hope to discover, Now altogether grown up I can at long last handle the underlinings and subplots dispersed all through the film with Dorothy assuming the job of the female courageous woman. We will compose a custom exposition on The Wizard of Oz Movie explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The Wizard of Oz is one of the most significant movies of the twentieth century. â€Å"MGM’s film was a moment hit: and, a while later, because of prime time TV, a bigger number of individuals have seen it than some other movie at any point made. The Library of Congress even incorporated The Wizard of Oz with 24 different movies that it announced to be â€Å"national treasures† Even with notoriety, the film was not enjoyed by everybody when it was first discharged numerous pundits gave the film frightful audits. The vast majority wouldn’t waver to call The Wizard of Oz a work of art. The social significance of The Wizard, its quality as writing remains to some degree in question. On the off chance that we investigate probably the most well known children’s motion pictures, we can rapidly observe that sex disparities are spoken to there in light of the fact that our first encounters with sexual orientation jobs get thanks to children’s films and they can powerfully affect how we conceptualize our general surroundings. While both the novel and the film have a large number of the equivalent significant female characters, the film depicts a progressively severe and misogynist vision of ladies. In the novel, Dorothy is depicted as an exceptionally solid, bold, clever six-year-old young lady. At the point when she meets the wizard just because and hears the Wizard’s roaring world â€Å"I am Oz the Great and Terrible!!! † she immovably answers, â€Å"I am Dorothy, the Small and Meek† yet she isn't generally docile anything else than the Wizard is extremely horrendous. Confronted with getting back home to Kansas, she sets about it sincerely. What's more, when the Wizard makes it a state of his helping her that she wreck the subsequent witch, she sets out promptly to do it, despite the fact that she wouldn't like to annihilate any person or thing Dorothy is additionally exceptionally free. She meets grown-ups like the Good Witch of the North and the Munchkins who can't support her, yet she proceeds on her excursion. Dorothy fills in as an Everyman for kids to follow: She is reasonable, agreeable, supportive, fearless without being stupid, profoundly joined to her loved ones, and unflinching in seeking after her objectives. She doesn't change significantly over the span of the excursion, for this isn't the course of somebody who severely needs to change. The wizard of oz is an account of self disclosure, where Dorothy comes to understand her own potential by the journey’s end. The characters she meets en route, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion are her companions as well as all need something that speak to the characteristics that Dorothy must to discover inside herself to finish her excursion, fearlessness Intelligence, and empathy!! Dorothy is the genuine champion. She is the person who holds the band of voyagers together. She is an exceptionally solid female character yet can likewise have snapshots of shortcoming. she is inspired by her liberality to help everybody first before her little heart shouts out for what she needs a large portion of all .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 , .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .postImageUrl , .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 , .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:hover , .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:visited , .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:active { border:0!important; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:active , .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } . u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0c9ff81bc79ef5f91ec1ce7f26bec9a0:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Star Wars and the Hero's Journey EssayHOME. Judy Garland’s depiction of Dorothy In the film is breathtaking. At a certain point in the film Dorothy is held a defenseless detainee by the Wicked Witch of the West. She can fail to help herself until her companions, the Scarecrow, Lion, and Tin Woodman come to spare her. When Dorothy at long last annihilations the witch, it is on the grounds that she incidentally soaks her with water while attempting to sprinkle the Scarecrow who is ablaze. While Dorothy didn't have the foggiest idea about this would murder the witch, her activities show her as a bold courageou s woman. The majority of the film is about the battle over Dorothy’s ruby shoes, of which the insidious sorceress knows the value while Dorothy doesn't. The words, â€Å"There’s no spot like home,† is an expression we as a whole know and love. The explanation that Glinda didn’t help Dorothy in any case is on the grounds that Dorothy didn’t yet comprehend that her place is in the home. The film sends the reasonable message that genuine joy is found in family. This realness of Dorothy’s involvement with an alternate world is the thing that makes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz an extraordinary dream.

A Look at the Look Out For Peek Weekend Essay Samples

A Look at the Look Out For Peek Weekend Essay SamplesThe look out for peek weekend essay samples, usually offered by a variety of colleges and universities, is that they will not be too difficult to write. The general idea is that the essays will not contain any mistakes but will rely heavily on the fact that the student is not a native English speaker, so it will be the students' second language in their life time.It is somewhat understandable that the colleges and universities want to make this as easy as possible, but students can benefit from taking a little time to learn some of the basics about writing, especially when they are trying to improve their English level. Students should start by going through the peek weekend essay samples and taking notes about how easy they are to read, or how difficult it is to get the sentences right.Often, students will find that they find it difficult to remember the meaning of words, or that it is harder to spell the names of terms or even th e different sections of a chapter. Sometimes it seems that there is no rhyme or reason, and that a lot of the terms do not even mean what they are put down to mean. This is a very important point to consider.So the students should look at the sample essays and see whether or not they follow any sort of sentence structure, or if they can pick out a certain pattern of words, which are common with different parts of a paragraph, depending on where they lead the reader in the essay. For example, does the reader come in on the second sentence? If they do, then the paragraph might follow a particular pattern, or the sentence might have a specific turn of phrase.If the students do not follow certain criteria, then they should take some time to improve their writing skills and try and get the essay to look like the essay samples, by breaking the sentences up in different ways, using different subject matter throughout the essay, including the chapter headings, the paragraphs, and of course the first paragraph. By doing this, the student will get a feel for the structure of the essay and should be able to produce better papers, and is more likely to remember the points he has read.There are a variety of resources available online for the peek weekend paper, and one can find a range of different subjects and formats for the peek papers, ranging from short articles to long term projects. These resources include essay samples, PDAs, and various samples of essays, with a free trial available for most of them. It is important to note that these resources can also provide answers to any questions the students may have, so they should take advantage of these opportunities.Students should go through the samples and get an idea of the format they can use, which is always preferable. One should also try and find a way to make their papers flow, and this can be achieved by removing any unnecessary or irrelevant words and sentences, so that it flows more smoothly and easily. Of co urse, the aim is to make it look like the look out for peek weekend essay samples, so the student should try and get the syntax correct, and also make sure that they know the main point of the essay, so that the effect is the same.Finally, if the students do find it hard to follow the essay, they should try and follow the layout, so that they can get a similar manner of thinking, and the essay will flow properly. They should try and avoid the odd and unnatural sentences, and they should make sure that there is no redundancy, or any bits of irrelevant information.

World History Research Paper. Wwii Espionage . Justin Andrews

World History Research Paper WWII Espionage Justin Andrews Mr. Grosse World History 3/10/17 Espionage is the practice of using spies to collect information for political or military reasons and has been around since wars have been fought. Sun Tzu speaks about gathering intelligence and deception in The Art of War. The Egyptians had a large espionage service that has been recorded in books such as the Bible and the Liliad. Espionage is still being used to collect information today. The tools for spies and their missions have been extremely dangerous and creative ; World War Two is a great example of this. Rodent bombs were used by the Allies in an attempt to destroy enemy factories. They were dead rats that were filled with explosives†¦show more content†¦These documents were crucial for their espionage. The SOE had a team for only forging documents. Operation mincemeat, in my opinion, is the most creative and most eventful operation during World War Two. In April of 1943 the body of a previously dead, homeless British man was placed off the coast of spain in a British soldier’s uniform. He had false information planted on him that was supposed to trick the Nazis. The Nazis thought that they had gotten information for where the Allies were going to invade and diverted all troops and tanks to greece. Right under their noses, the Allies planted information and successfully tricked the Nazis into going to greece when their real invasion was in Sicily with more than 150,000 troops in July 1943. Operation Gunnerside is a great example of the abilities of the Allied operatives. A small group of British trained operatives were tasked to blow up a Nazi controlled heavy water production site. Heavy water was needed for the production of atomic weapons, so the Allies thought it would be a good idea to prevent the Nazis from acquiring it. The aforementioned operatives parachuted onto a frozen plateau above the heavy water facility on the night of February 27, 1943. They then proceeded to ski to the site, while having to go down a gorge, cross a frozen river stream, and climb around the facility to bypass mines and sentries. They then entered the facility through the cable ducts

The Aeneid, By Publius Vergilius Maro - 1449 Words

The Aeneid is an epic poem originally written in Latin by Publius Vergilius Maro (Virgil). Virgil’s background is rather extraorginary. He was born about 70 B.C in the village of Andes, which is just outside of modern day Mantua. He got his education in the Northern Italian cities of Milan and Cremona. He eventually made his way to Rome where he was quickly immersed in learning the theory of Roman law. Virgil had planned to end up a legal advisor as his dad wished, however after giving law a try, he decided to study philosophy instead. The Aeneid was one of Virgil’s final works of art. It is even known as Rome s national Virgil started working on the epic in 30 B.C, but he did not finish it that year. He worked on the epic for about eleven years! Virgil wanted authentic research for the Aeneid; he spent a lot of time making sure that everything was up to good historical standards. The epic had been written for Augustus, who was very interested in the progress of the epic! Virgil explored Greece and Asia while working on the Aeneid and going to the destinations he mentioned in the book. Virgil turned out to be seriously sick on the way and Brundisium (modern day Brindisi) he died in 19 B.C. Before he passed away, Virgil wanted the Aeneid to be destroyed. He didn’t want to leave this world knowing he had not finished it. Yet faith would have it that Augustus would not allow that to happen. Augustus gave the job of finishing the job to Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, whom heShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesPublius Vergilius Maro, more commonly known as Virgil, was born on October 15, 70 B.C. in a small village near Mantua in Northern Italy. He was born into a relatively â€Å"well-to-do† family, as his parents were farm owners with a hefty amount of land to their name. Virgil was provided with an education that quenched his thirst for knowledge. He showed a particular interest in mathematics and medicine, but also studied in law and rhetoric. Quickly after his first law case, he gave up his studies ofRead MoreSimilarities Between The Aeneid And The Iliad1029 Words   |  5 Pages Publius Vergilius Maro, or more commonly known as V irgil, studied the Greek’s most well-known author Homer when he was creating his national epic poem. Virgil’s â€Å"The Aeneid† was written long after the creation of Homer’s â€Å"The Iliad†. However, there are many underlying similarities between the two. Virgil intended for their stories to share similar themes and plots because he truly admired Homer’s works he eventually adopted the Homeric style in his own writing. Despite having great battles and bloodshedRead MoreThe Odyssey : The Aeneid And The Odyssey1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aeneid and the Odyssey are perhaps two of the most famous epic poems to come out of the ancient world. Both stories involve acts of heroism, divine intervention, and ultimately, victory. They both offer insights into the cultures of Rome and Greece at the time of their writings. Additionally, both works stem from the same event (the Trojan War) but follow different characters, touching on different aspect s of the idealized hero in Roman and Greek culture. We must first start by discussing whoRead MorePizz A Popular Food Eaten By Many People1645 Words   |  7 Pageswas a roman historian and senator in the Roman Republic, who mentioned in his memoirs about a round shaped dough dressed with olive oil, herbs, and honey. Even in 1st century there were still information related to pizza such as in The Aeneid by Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 B.C.) where he described the cake bread or circles of bread which had similarities to pizza. The dish stayed and flourished in different civilizations of the past, despite the long passages of time where the recipe or idea could

The Conflict Of The Rwandan Genocide Under The Clinton...

In 1994, one of the most brutal genocides of all time took place in the small country of Rwanda. Over the span of approximately 100 days, 800,000 Rwandans were killed—an average of 8,000 people per day— with Tutsis being the primary target. The staggering numbers called for international intervention, yet the action taken across the world was slim. Samantha Power’s â€Å"Bystanders to Genocide† reveals that the U.S.’s handling of the Rwandan genocide under the Clinton Administration was both minimalistic and ineffective. She discusses how the U.S. made full effort to pull out all Americans and then pulled back completely on aid, put their own interests above the needs of the Rwandans, and used the history of a similar situation in Somalia to validate their reluctance to take action. Power’s article presents a strong case for why the action, or lack of action, taken by the U.S. was a poor handling of the situation, but leaves the reader with l ittle understanding of why these decisions were made. By examining the U.S.’s decisions in relation to the ideas that Dalai Lama discusses in â€Å"Beyond Religion†, the question of why can be answered. Through this lens one can see that the true reason behind their decisions is a lack of â€Å"genuine compassion†. This lacking becomes the basis of their decisions, and becomes a rational for standing by during the murder of 800,000 people. Dalai Lama defines compassion as â€Å"being genuinely concerned for others† (45). He also defines beingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jimmy Carter s The Attack Of The Elite Soldiers1361 Words   |  6 Pagesnegotiation was Jimmy Carter who acted as an intermediary because of his previous relationship with Aidid (â€Å"Ambush†). In September of 1993, the Clinton administration made a grave mistake. General Colin Montgomery, who led the elite soldiers, requested for heightened military reinforcements. The administration denied the requests since the administration did not want to make the US look like they were increasing forces when their main goal at that time was to lessen them. On October 3rd to the 4thRead MoreDefining Genocide: Jack Nusan Porter2983 Words   |  12 PagesJack Nusan Porter, an Ukrainian American sociologist defined the term genocide as follows: â€Å"Genocide is the deliberate destruction, in whole or in part, by a government or its agents, of a racial, sexual, religious, tribal or political minority. It can involve not only mass murder, but also starvation, forced deportation, and political, economic and biological subjugation. Genocide involves three major components: ideology, technology, and bureaucracy/organization.† I chose to use this definitionRead MoreWho Is Rwanda Th ing?2092 Words   |  9 PagesRwanda thing† The term â€Å"Genocide,† produced by combining geno-, from the Greek word for race or tribe, with -cide, derived from the Latin word for killing, was created by Polish-Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin following the horrors of World War II. Although the term â€Å"genocide† itself may have only been in existence for the past seventy-one years, acts of genocide have been known to happen as early as the 13th century. At long last, the United Nations declared genocide as an international crime, layingRead MoreThe Effects Of Ignorance By Developed Nations On The Rwandan Genocide Essay3138 Words   |  13 PagesNATIONS ON THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE A Study in History, Lee Ann Yates, Advisor By Sheetal Chakka 00837-0097 13 August 2015 Sheetal Chakka Lee Ann Yates IB Extended Essay 13 August 2015 The Effect of Ignorance by Developed Nations on the Rwandan Genocide The year 1994. A poor, east African country. A fractured government entering a period of drastic turmoil. It was truly the perfect, ideal setting for the biggest genocide in history since that of World War II, the Rwandan Genocide. Much of theRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide And The Genocide4492 Words   |  18 Pages â€Å"Always Regret that Rwanda thing† The Rwandan Genocide, triggered by the murder of Rwandan President Habyarimana on April 9, 1994, was the fastest, if not most barbarous bloodbath in human history, and was carried out with little to no intervention or aid force from any of the many capable Western governments, such as the United States. Though these administration s may claim that they were unable to intervene due to lack of warning signs and insufficient information; those statementsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Leave None From The Rwanda Genocide By Allison Liebhafsky Desforges2000 Words   |  8 Pagesnever kept. The world experienced a number of conflicts that in total claimed more lives and violated more human rights than the World Wars. The Rwanda genocide was one of the worst of these conflicts that alone claimed the lives of half a million people, displaced many vulnerable families, created an increased number of refugees, and indirectly contributed to two successive multistate wars in the Republi c of Congo. ‘Leave none to tell the story: Genocide in Rwanda’ is a book written by Allison LiebhafskyRead MoreAn Analysis and Evaluation of the United Nations Peacekeeping Role in Rwanda2919 Words   |  12 Pagesv). Under the peacekeeping leadership of UN more than 800,000 people were killed in less than 100 days in 1994 (Shawcross 2000). This systematic killing remains a bitter memory for all who witnessed and survived it. Rwandans killed Rwandans, decimating the Tutsi population of the country and also targeting moderate Hutus. Lamentably the peacekeepers did not prevent the genocide, nor did they stop it once it started. This failure has left deep wounds within Rwandan societyRead MoreRonald Wilson Reag The Leaders Of The Free World From 1981- 20012524 Words   |  11 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, George H.W. Bush and William â€Å"Bill† Clinton were the leaders of the free world from 1981- 2001. Over the course of 2 decades these men had to solve several international and domestic issues while juggling personal issues, and the many other responsibilities of The President of the United States. Over the 20 years of reign by these Presidents, 8 years were ran under Democratic rule by Bill Clinton and 12 years were ran under Republican rule by George H.W. Bush and Ronald ReaganRead MoreGenocide in Rwanda Essay1910 Words   |  8 PagesGenocide is â€Å"the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, political, or cultural group†. In Rwanda for example, the Hutu-led government embraced a new program that called for the country’s Hutu people to murder anyone that was a Tutsi (Gourevitch, 6). This new policy of one ethnic group (Hutu) that was called upon to murder another ethnic group (Tutsi) occurred during April through June of 1994 and resulted in the genocide of approximately 800,000 innocent people that even includedRead MoreBill Clinton Were The Leaders Of The Free World From 1981- 20013779 Words   |à ‚  16 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan, George H.W. Bush and William â€Å"Bill† Clinton were the leaders of the free world from 1981- 2001. Over the course of 2 decades these men had to solve several international and domestic issues while juggling personal issues, and the many other responsibilities of The President of the United States. Over the 20 years of reign by these Presidents, 8 years were ran under Democratic rule by Bill Clinton and 12 years were ran under Republican rule by George H.W. Bush and Ronald Reagan

Case Study about the Contract of Sale Between Alan and Ben

Question: Case study about the contract of sale between Alan and Ben. Answer: Elements of a Valid Contract In the given case circumstance there is contract of sale between Alan and Ben, there are five essential elements to form a contract that is valid in nature; these five elements are (i) offer, (ii) acceptance, (iii) consideration, (iv) intention to create a legal relation and (v) legal capacity. Figure: 1: Elements of a valid contract (Source: Created by Author) Legal capacity is an essential element of a valid contract meaning thereby a person who is a minor (in Singapore from March 3009 the age of the minor is 18 years) or a person who is incapacitated mentally cannot form a valid contract. In the given case of Ben and Alan, it has been mentioned that Alan is an avid drinker, therefore, it is not possible for Alan to be minor and it is assumed that he has attained the legal age. Therefore Alan being the offeree is an adult. On the other hand, Ben who is the offeror is an employee though the legal working age in Singapore is 14 years however it has not been stated in the case study that Ben is a minor. Therefore an assumption is made that he has attained the legal age. Further it can also be noted from the situation that both Ben and Alan are not mentally incapacitated since Ben was able to explain to Alan the drinks that were available with him and Alan was able to put forth the specific preference that was required by him with respect to the drinks and was able to carry the whole transaction out without any issues. Thus since they have both attained legal age and both are not incapacitated legally they would hence be bound by the contract formed between them. For there to exist a valid contract there needs to be an offer, the offer is an expression which is defined as the willingness of a person to contract with terms that are specific. Further, these terms have been made with the intention of the same becoming binding as soon as the parties accept it. This party to whom the offer is being made is the offeree. There are three basic requirements an offer (i) that the offer must contain the exchange terms, (ii) there should be an indication that the person is willing to make such an offer ("Offeror) to have the contractual terms be binding on him and (iii) the offeree is conferred with the power to bind the contract of the offeror so that the same cannot be withdrawn from the latter once the offeror has accepted it. It was opined in the Pharmaceuticals Society of Great Britains case that the displayed products of a shop are there for being chosen by the customer however an offer is made only when the customer offers to buy such products. In the case between Ben and Alan, Alan who wants to buy liquor goes to Bens store where the same has been put on display. Thus this was an invitation to treat since he had gone to the store and was observing the various types of liquor that were on display. The offeror, Ben made to the offerree Alan a countr offer with respect to buying of Russian distilled thus leading to the initial treat to offer being nullified. Though, Alan insisted on buying only vodka that was Russian distilled and Ben the offeror assured him that the vodka would satisfy his requirement. In the Bannermans case it was opined Schawel vs. Reade it had been held that where it has been indicated to the representor by the representee the statements importance the same would be held to term, i.e. there has been communication of term that is specific in nature. Thus there has been a specific preference that has been made by Alan to Ben which Ben as assured at the time of negotiation to be the product that Alan had asked for thereby offer was made in furtherance of this intention. This offer was then accepted by Alan and consideration paid for the three bottles of vodka which was bought. There was acknowledgment of the same by way of receipt. Thus there has been a valid offer and acceptance in the given situation and also there was an intention of creating a legal relationship. There was consideration also paid for the products bought. Also either Ben or Alan was legally incapacitated to enter into the contract. Therefore all the elements of contract are present making it a valid. However in the given case the quality of the product was assured by Ben at the time of purchase however the consequences of this product proved to be dangerous hence there was misrepresentation of Bens part. Therefore since it was through misrepresentation that the contract was induced the same maybe set aside. The Sale of Goods Act Ben is a salesman at a shop that sells liquor, he sold Alan either by mistake or purposely alcohol that was illicit in nature. In the case of Rowland vs. Divall it was opined that when possession of a good is by any means that illegal or illicit then the same is not justifiable. Where there is description of the goods to be sold then under Section 13 it is an implied condition that the goods are required to correspond to such description. This section is concerned not with the quality but the description of the product (Arcos v Ranaason [1933] AC 470). Thus the section 13(1) of the Sale of Goods Act (The Act) would be attracted since Alan had insisted on vodka that was Russian distilled and Ben had assured that it was what Alan had asked for however the description did not correspond with what was actually given to Alan. Though there can be an assumption which can be made that since Ben is only a sales person he might have sold this liquor unintentionally. Since it is not possible to make out with naked eyes if there is any fault in the product, further it was not until Alan and his friends drank that the fault was realized. Further section 13 cannot be relied upon in the cases where the products have been actually viewed by the buyer (Harlington Leinster v Christopher Hull Fine Art [1991] 1 QB 564). Thus as per section 14(2A) the product meets the satisfactory quality under Section 14(2B) since any reasonable man would have concluded the same (Compact Metal Industries Ltd v PPG Industries (Singapore) Ltd ([2006] SGHC 242, National Foods Ltd v Pars Ram Brothers (Pte) Ltd [2007] 2 SLR(R) 1048). The Sale of Goods Act (SGA) states that the quality of products is an essential requirement that needs to be met, by the products that are being sold, under section 14(2A). The standard of this is that which would be regarded as satisfactory by any reasonable person under the same situation ("Ch.09 Domestic Sale of Goods", 2016). Safety of the product is one of the most essential elements under section 14(2B) that needs to be satisfied (Nair, 1984). However action can be brought under section 14(3) since the product needs to serve the purpose for which it had been purchased. In the case of Frost v. Aylsbury (Frost v. Aylsbury Dairy Co. Ltd., 1905), that the alcohol that was bootleg would defeat the purpose of the product. In the case that there were certain qualities which the buyer had informed to the seller that the goods are required to have then the standards placed are under section 14(3) and these are much higher standard as compared to section 14(2). In this the seller would be liable if the product does not meet the specification as required by the buyer (National Foods Ltd v Pars Ram Brothers (Pte) Ltd, 2007). Thus the alcohol which Ben supplied did not satisfy the purpose and hence it actionable under 14(3) An acknowledgment is given by a party to contract in writing that they have received from the person named in the receipt the consideration that has been specified in the receipt. There is an acknowledgment of the receipt sometimes of having received a particular thing and also for doing another thing an agreement. However as far as the receipt goes it is only a prima facie evidence as far as the receipt is considered. Therefore as observed receipt is only a primary evidence of existence of a contract between two parties and not the contract itself therefore in the given example the receipt that was given by Ben to Alan was only an evidence of the contract that exists between them and not the contract itself and it cannot be assumed to be the same. There are three requirements that are required to be fulfilled for a written term to consider as being incorporated in the contract by the court. The first of these requirements is that the notice for the incorporation of the term has to be given either during the agreement or before the agreement of the contract. In the case of Olley v. Marlborough Court Hotel(Olley v. Marlborough Court Hotel, 1949), it had been established that for considering the incorporation of a term into the contract the notice of the same has to be given either before or during the time of the contract. Therefore since the exclusion clause needs to be informed either prior to the formation or after the contract has been formed in situation of Alan and Ben the clause of exclusion that the products sold are not refundable nor the seller responsible for the safety of the products the same should have been informed to Alan at the time when the contract was being formed which prior to the receipt of consideration or during the formation of the contract and not after the contract had commenced through a receipt. In the case of Parker v. SE Railway Co.(Parker v. SE Railway Co., 1877), the court was put forth the question of law as to whether the clause applied to Mr. Parker. It was found by the jury at trial that it was reaso nable on the part of Mr. Parker to not be reading the ticket which was the receipt. Thus in the case of Ben and Alan the exclusion clause can be only in the receipt and not in the receipt. Another factor which has to be taken into account with respect to an exclusion clause is reasonableness. The statement on the receipt clearly did away with any kind of responsibility of the seller and was very generic in nature. This would lead to the wrongdoings of the seller being limitless thus such an exclusion clause would not be enforceable. As opined in the George Mitchell case (George Mitchell v Finney Lock Seeds, 1983) that it was not unless the product has been used that the buyer will discover the breach thus such unreasonable clause would be strike down under UCTA section 6(3). The most essential thing that needs to be established for being able to claim under negligence damages is that there was a duty of care that existed and it was this duty of care which had been breached. If there is proximity between the defendant and the plaintiff there will be a duty of care that comes into existence. For establishing of whether there was duty of care that existed, the test of reasonable foreseeability is used. Alan had brought the alcohol was entertainment of his friends thus the friends are neighbors as per the principle since they are affected directly by the act of Ben. There is close proximity between Alans friends and Ben since there is a high likelihood of his friends consuming the alcohol. There will be a duty of care owed by the defendant to the plaintiff in the case wherein a harm that might be caused to the plaintiff due to any act or omission of the defendant can be reasonably foreseen. Thus, it this case it become obvious that there has been a breach of duty on the part of Ben for selling liquor that had been obtained through bootlegging and he could have foreseen reasonably the harm that could have been caused by such alcohol(Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932). It was also stated further there needs to be reasonable care that needs to be taken for avoiding any kind of acts or omission that can be reasonably foreseen as causing an injury to the neighbor. Under law neighbors are those who are affected directly and closely by a certain act (Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932). It is to the ultimate customer that duty of care is owed to when it comes to the sale of goods. Thus in the light of the principle of product liability it may be concluded that there was duty of care which w as owed to the neighbors and the ultimate customers for ensuring that no such omission or act is conducted which would have a chance of causing harm. In the given case there had been a breach of duty by Ben for selling alcohol to Alan that was harmful in nature he would be held liable even for the harm that had been caused to the friends of Alan as the relationship is not remote and they are the ultimate consumers. There also exists a relationship between the harm that has been caused to Alan and the negligence of the part of Ben. It is required by the principle of causation that the harm is a condition which is necessary for there being negligence, and it is within the scope of liability of the defendant that the harm is falling. The causation and remoteness issues are tended to separately of which the key is the but for test where the question that is raised is whether the loss could have been sustained but for the defendants negligence. In this regard one of the landmark cases is that of Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington(Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington, 1969). Thus application of this principle in the given situation would indicate that had it not been for the harmful alcohol that Ben provided Alan and his friends would not have fallen sick thus this liability fell within Bens scope. Further action can be brought by Alans friends under the "Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act" Chapter 53B where third party contract terms are enforced. It is under the neighborhood principle that the friends will be able to qualify. References Articles and conditions of building contract.(2011). Singapore. Bannerman vs. White, 10 CBNS 844 (1861). Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington, HMC (1969). Ch.09 Domestic Sale of Goods. (2016).Singaporelaw.sg. Retrieved 4 July 2016, Compact Metal Industries Ltd v PPG Industries (Singapore) Ltd, SGHC 242 (2006). Donoghue v Stevenson, AC 562, 580. (1932). Frost v. Aylsbury Dairy Co. Ltd., 1 KB 608 (1905). George Mitchell v Finney Lock Seeds, 2 AC 803 (1983). National Foods Ltd v Pars Ram Brothers (Pte) Ltd, 2 SLR(R) 1048 (2007). Neyers, J., Bronaugh, R., Pitel, S. (2009).Exploring contract law. Oxford: Hart Pub. Olley v. Marlborough Court Hotel, 1 KB 532 (1949). Parker v. SE Railway Co., 2 CPD 416 (1877). Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd., 1 Q.B. 401 (1953). Rowland v. Divall, 2 KB 500 (1923).